Commonly Used Machine Learning Algorithms | Arya College

 

In a world where all manual tasks are being automated, the definition of manual is changing. Machine Learning algorithms can help computers to perform surgeries, playchess, and get smarter and more personal. We are living in an era of constant technological progress, and looking at how computing has advanced over the years, students of Best Engineering Colleges can predict what’s to come in the days ahead.

One of the main features of this revolution shows how computing tools and techniques have been democratized. Earlier, data scientists have built sophisticated data-crunching machines by seamlessly executing advanced techniques.

How algorithms can enhance your skills in machine learning?

A data scientist or a machine learning enthusiast allow students of top private engineering colleges in Rajasthan to use these techniques to create functional Machine Learning projects. There are certain types of Machine Learning techniques including supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning. All these techniques are used in this list of common Machine Learning Algorithms. Some of them are as follows:

Machine Learning Algorithms

1. Linear Regression

To understand the working functionality of this algorithm, students of Best BTech Colleges imagine how they would arrange random logs of wood in increasing order of their weight. However, they cannot weigh each log. They have to guess its weight just by looking at the height and girth of the log (visual analysis) and arrange them using a combination of these visible parameters.

In this process, a relationship is established between dependent and independent variables by fitting them to a line. This line is popular as the regression line and represented by a linear equation Y= a *X + b.In this equation:

• Y – Dependent Variable
• a – Slope
• X – Independent variable
• b – Intercept

The coefficients a & b are derived by minimizing the sum of the squared difference of distance between both data points and the regression line.

2. Logistic Regression

Logistic Regression is used by the students of computer science engineering colleges in Rajasthan to estimate discrete values (usually binary values like 0/1) from a set of independent variables. It will predict the probability of an event by fitting data to a logit function. Also, it is called as logit regression.

These methods are often used to help improve logistic regression models include interaction terms, eliminate features, regularize techniques, and use a non-linear model.

3. Decision Tree

It is one of the most popular machines learning algorithms in use. Today, it is used as supervised learning algorithm that is used for classifying problems. It works well classifying for both continuous dependent and categorical variables. In this algorithm, they can split the population into two or more homogeneous sets based on the most important attributes/ independent variables.

4. SVM (Support Vector Machine)

SVM is a method of classification in which they plot raw data as points in an n-dimensional space (where n is the number of features you have). Then, the value of each feature is tied to a particular coordinate that makes it easy for them to classify the data. Lines called classifiers can be used to split the data and plot them on a different graph.

5. Naive Bayes

A Naive Bayes classifier assumes that the presence of a specific feature in a class is unrelated to the presence of any other feature. Even if these features are connected to each other, a Naive Bayes classifier would consider all of these properties independently when calculating the probability of a specific outcome. A Naive Bayesian model is easy to build and useful for massive datasets. It is simple and known to outperform even highly sophisticated classification methods.

6. KNN (K- Nearest Neighbors)

This algorithm can be applied to both regression and classification problems. Apparently, within the Data Science industry, it is more widely used to solve classification problems. It is a simple algorithm that stores all available cases and classifies any new cases by taking a majority vote of its “k”neighbours. Then, the case is assigned to the class with which it has the most in common. A distance function mainly performs this measurement.

KNN can be easily understood by comparing it to real life. For instance, students of engineering colleges in Rajasthan want information about a person, it makes sense to talk to his or her friends and colleagues. Things to consider before selecting KNN includes computationally expensive, Variables should be normalized, or else higher range variables can bias the algorithm, Data still needs to be pre-processed.

7. K-Means

It is an unsupervised algorithm that solves clustering problems of the students of computer science engineering colleges. Data sets are classified into a specific number of clusters (let’s call that number K) in such a way that all the data points within a cluster are homogenous and heterogeneous from the data in other clusters. With these new centroids, the closest distance for each data point is determined. This process is repeated until the centroids do not change.

8. Random Forest

A collective of decision trees is known as Random Forest. To classify a new object based on its attributes, each tree is classified, and the tree “votes” for that class. The forest chooses the classification having the most votes. Each tree is planted & grown as the following:

1. If the number of cases in the training set is N, then a sample of N cases is taken at random. This sample will be the training set for growing the tree.
2. If there are M input variables, a number m<<M is specified like each node, m variables are selected at random out of the M, and the best split on this m is used to split the node. The value of m is held specifically during this process.
3. Each tree is grown to the most substantial extent possible without pruning.

9. Dimensionality Reduction Algorithms

In today’s world, large amounts of data are being stored and analyzed by corporates, government agencies, and research organizations. As a data scientist, students of top BTech college in India know that this raw data contains a lot of information. This challenge is in identifying significant patterns and variables. Dimensionality reduction algorithms like Factor Analysis, Decision Tree, Missing Value Ratio, and Random Forest can help them find relevant details.

10. Gradient Boosting & AdaBoost

The boosting algorithms used when massive loads of data have to be handled to make predictions with high accuracy. Boosting is an ensemble learning algorithm that combines the predictive power of different base estimators to improve robustness.

In other words, it combines multiple week or average predictors to build a strong predictor. These boosting algorithms always work properly in data science competitions like Kaggle, AV Hackathon, CrowdAnalytix. Today, these are the most preferred machine learning algorithms.

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